The Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome requires at least 3 of the following 5 criteria :

• Elevated Fasting Plasma Glucose level (> 110 mg/dl)
• Visceral Obesity (Waist circumference >35 inches in women and > 40 inches in men)
• Hypertension (BP >130/85 mm of Hg)
• High Serum Triglycerides (> 150 mg/dl)
• Low HDL (< 40 mg/dl)

With the above criteria the prevalence of "Metabolic Syndrome" is more than 20% among all adults older than 20 years of age, and greater than 40 % among the population older than 50.

"Metabolic Syndrome" is pro-inflammatory condition and hence increases the risk of Ischemic Heart Disease.

Other associated clinical diseases include PCOD, Sleep Apnea, Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Two or more of the following symptoms may indicate "Metabolic Syndrome" Or "Insulin Resistance"

• Food/Sugar Cravings
• Trouble in sleeping
• Hands/Feet numbness
• Increased urge to urinate
• Increased waist circumference
• Abnormal lipid profle
• High Blood pressure

• Environmental
• Genetic
• Hereditary
• Obesity
• Sedentary Life style/Lack of Physical Exercise
• High Carbohydrate / Fat intake in diet
• Refined Sugar Intake
• Oxidative Damage
• Inflammation
• Other Endocrine diseases like PCOD, Cushing's disease, Acromegaly, etc.
• Stress
• Medicines Induced
• Addictions/Substance Abuse like Alcohol, Smoking, etc.
• Tumours
• Toxins

• Diabetes Mellitus type 2
• Insulin Resistance
• Atherosclerosis
• Hypertension
• Ischemic Heart Disease
• Neuropathy
• Myopathy
• Non healing ulcers/ Diabetic Foot
• Autonomic Dysfunction (Postural hypotension, Erectile Dysfunction, Premature Ejaculation, Bladder and Bowel disturbances, Abnormal sweating, Giddiness, Dizziness, Fainting, Syncope etc.)
• Mood and Memory Disturbances
• Hypoglycemia leading to convulsion/Coma
• Hyper osmolar Coma
• Electrolyte imbalances leading to Seizures, Convulsions, Unconsciousness
• Erectile Dysfunction, Impotence, Infertility
• Abortion, Miscarriage, Stillbirth
• Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
• Macrosomia and other birth defects in newborn
• Premature Ovarian Failure
• Dermatological Complications (Acantosis Nigricans, Hirsutism , Dermatitis, Eczema, Ulcers, Alopecia etc)
• Repeated Infections
• Low Immunity
• Fatty Liver, Gall Stones
• Sleep Apnea
• Multiple Endocrine disturbances
• Others

• Blood Sugar

1. Life style management

2. Weight management

3. Dietary management

• Medical Management (Including Insulin and Incretins)
• Identification of Risk Factors
• Management of Metabolic factors including Hyperlipidemia and hypoproteinemia
• Prevention of Complications
• Balancing other Hormonal and Systemic disturbances
• Management of Cardiac Complications
• Management of other complications
• Psychosocial management
• Occupational and Social management
• Management of Sexual Dysfunction including Erectile Dysfunction
• Surgical management including Metabolic/Bariatric Surgery